Media Ownership
Public services Broadcasting: When lord Reith first set up the BBC he saw that in american radio the main source of funding was from adverts. He didn't like this system and said 'public service,rather than public exploitation'. So he made a broadcasting service that would inform and benefit the general public rather than exploit them.
Commercial broadcasting: Commercial broadcasting is when the audience is the product that companies such as ITV and Sky1 sell to the advertising companies. the higher the amount of viewers at a time the higher the advertising slot will cost. the other variable that increases cost is the class of the audience watching, 'Morse' for example was a high budget detective series and attracted a middle class audience which meant the advertising slots during Morse cost more.
Corporate and private ownership:
Corporate ownership means a company that is not owned by a any one individual and can be commercial or PSB. An an example of one of these companies is news corporation.
Private Ownership is a company that is owned by (group) of individual(s)
Global Companies: This is when companies expand their products to a global audience, for example the Simpsons, it would be hard to go anywhere in the world without people knowing who the Simpsons are. companies do this to get bigger audiences to buy their products.
Concentration of Ownership: In the media industry very few companies have control over all of the worlds media, News Corp These companies have all this control to minimilise competition and they can advertise within the same company, this is called synergy.
Vertical integration:Vertical integration is when a parent company owns other companies in each sector of the industry. For example the Warner brothers franchise. this decreases the cost massively as they are using their own company.
Horizontal Integration/ Monopolisation: This is when a company will expand and buy other companies of the same field. For example Disney recently bought Lucas arts. This allows the company to knock out the competition and can be a very healthy investment.
Commercial broadcasting: Commercial broadcasting is when the audience is the product that companies such as ITV and Sky1 sell to the advertising companies. the higher the amount of viewers at a time the higher the advertising slot will cost. the other variable that increases cost is the class of the audience watching, 'Morse' for example was a high budget detective series and attracted a middle class audience which meant the advertising slots during Morse cost more.
Corporate and private ownership:
Corporate ownership means a company that is not owned by a any one individual and can be commercial or PSB. An an example of one of these companies is news corporation.
Private Ownership is a company that is owned by (group) of individual(s)
Global Companies: This is when companies expand their products to a global audience, for example the Simpsons, it would be hard to go anywhere in the world without people knowing who the Simpsons are. companies do this to get bigger audiences to buy their products.
Concentration of Ownership: In the media industry very few companies have control over all of the worlds media, News Corp These companies have all this control to minimilise competition and they can advertise within the same company, this is called synergy.
Vertical integration:Vertical integration is when a parent company owns other companies in each sector of the industry. For example the Warner brothers franchise. this decreases the cost massively as they are using their own company.
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Warner
Studios
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Company
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Warner
Distributors
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Cinemas
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Warner
Villages
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This License Fee: The licence fee is a payment that everyone in the united kingdom with a television has to make. the license fee funds the BBC. lord reith chose this system instead of advertisements and government funding. he thought that using advertisements would be exploiting the general public rather than informing them. he didn't want the government to fund the BBC because he thought that they would pressure the news into becoming biased.
Subscription:Subscription is when the audience has to pay a monthly (or even weekly) fee for having certain channels. the most well known company in the UK to do this is Sky.
One off Payment to own product: These are products such as
BLU Rays and DVD’s and also digital copies.
Pay per view: This is when someone will pay to watch a
particular media text such as boxing or a film on the television.
Sponsorship: this is when a company pays to have its name at
the start or the end of a show, for example Mercedes sponsors 24: Live Another Day
Advertising: This is the source of funding for channels
other than the BBC. Advertising companies pay to get the best slots while shows
are on. They want big audiences with large amounts of money( slots with these
two factors would be more expensive than other slots).
Product Placement: this is when companies pay to have their
product in a media text as a type of advertising. For example James Bond’s
product placements are Aston Martin, BMW and Sony phones/computers.
Private Capital: this is when you get people to invest in
your project, like friends and family. However an exceptional case of this is
Robert Rodriguez’s Film ‘El Mariachi’, he
funded it by selling his body to science.
Crowd Funding: This
is when members of the general public throw in relatively small amounts of
money.
Development funds: These are companies that give money to
the media industry for the purpose of filmmaking, these companies include the
national lottery and the BFI.
A merit. Some terms need exampes (eg crowd funding) and some examples need to be tighter - eg in Global Companies you don't actually say what to company who owns The Simpsons is!
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